Giersch classified the 1980s world economy into innovation-level regional tiers.

Evidence

In the 1980s, Giersch divided the world into advanced innovative (Schumpeterian) regions—at the time US and Japan—and less developed Schumpeterian regions like Taiwan and Singapore, and advanced Keynesian and less developed Keynesian regions, which hampered entrepreneurship. Additional regions were categorized as Ricardian, Malthusian, or Marxist. — Dieter Plehwe, Quinn Slobodian & Philip Mirowski (eds.), Nine Lives of Neoliberalism, 302

Categorization

• DEFINE: Illustrates the taxonomical style of Giersch’s competition-state doctrine — an early classification scheme worth mapping against caricatures of neoliberal thought.