Geographically intermixed groups within states erupt into repeated communal violence

Evidence

Within-state fault line conflicts may also involve groups which are geographically intermixed, in which case continually tense relations erupt into violence from time to time, as with Hindus and Muslims in India and Muslims and Chinese in Malaysia, or full-scale fighting may occur, particularly when new states and their boundaries are being determined, and produce brutal efforts to separate peoples by force. — Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the…, 698

Categorization

• DEFINE: Distinguishes the two within-state fault line patterns: geographically separate groups fighting for independence vs. intermixed groups in cyclical tension.