Genealogy of Hagar was used to assign both Arabs and Jews slave origins

Evidence

The identification of the Hagarenes, described as a lowly, racially degenerate race, with the Muslims is another way in which the appearance of Islam was explained. John of Damascus, who wrote about the Hagarenes, claimed the black stone of the ka’aba was worn smooth because “Abraham has sexual intercourse with Hagar on it.” This race was constructed along theological lines, and much like the Saracens, the Hagarenes were a community that was alienated from God. — Sophia Rose Arjana, Muslims in the Western Imagination, 156 (#exemplifies, via linked claim)

The identification of the Hagarenes, described as a lowly, racially degenerate race, with the Muslims is another way in which the appearance of Islam was explained. John of Damascus, who wrote about the Hagarenes, claimed the black stone of the ka’aba was worn smooth because “Abraham has sexual intercourse with Hagar on it.” This race was constructed along theological lines, and much like the Saracens, the Hagarenes were a community that was alienated from God. The earliest reference to this group is found in Nicetas of Byzantium’s ninth-century text, A Refutation of the False Book Written by Muhammad, in which he describes Muslims as the descendants of the slave girl Hagar. Hagar is depicted as a black-skinned slave who begat a dark, strange race that was excommunicated from the Christian—and by extension, the human—community. — Sophia Rose Arjana, Muslims in the Western Imagination, 156 (#exemplifies, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Both Christians and Arabs were genealogically tied to Hagar in the patristic tradition — Gil Anidjar, The Jew, the Arab: A History of the…, 923; Theology racialized Muslims as degenerate descendants of the slave Hagar — Sophia Rose Arjana, Muslims in the Western Imagination, 156; Medieval theologians constructed Muslims as a degraded race descending from the slave Hagar (+4 more)

Broader Connections

• John of Damascus sexualized Hagar to racialize Muslims as a degraded people #exemplifies (0.95) — Sophia Rose Arjana, Muslims in the Western Imagination, 156
• Medieval theologians constructed Muslims as a degraded race descending from the slave Hagar #exemplifies (0.94)
• Theology racialized Muslims as degenerate descendants of the slave Hagar #exemplifies (0.92) — Sophia Rose Arjana, Muslims in the Western Imagination, 156