French West Africa barred Marcus Garvey’s Pan-African movement from entering its territory

Evidence

Garvey’s newspaper, the Negro World, which championed such concepts as Africa for the Africans, opposition to any form of European rule, and the need for nationhood and national independence, began to arrive in federal ports in 1920. In 1923, Dakar reported to the colonial minister that three representatives of the Universal Negro Improvement Association IUNIA) had arrived in Liberia; instructions were promptly given “to the effect that these undesirables, of American origin, were not to enter French territory. ” A handful of educated West Africans, who had stayed on in Paris after the war, became active in the Pan- African movement. — Alice L. Conklin, A Mission to Civilize_ The Republican…, 562

Categorization

• XREF: Concrete instance of metropole-versus-colony ideological policing; echoes the Muslim/French identity tensions from earlier chapters.