French republicanism drove campaigns against Muslim elites and chiefs

Evidence

As this quotation indicates, there was an equally strong anticlerical dimension to the politique des races, which further demonstrates the hold of republican values on Ponty. Panty was convinced that Africans were doubly oppressed by an alliance of feudal chiefs and Muslim elites, and this belief led to ideologically inspired campaigns against the religious aristocracy in this period as well, at least until 1912. — Alice L. Conklin, A Mission to Civilize_ The Republican…, 1148

Categorization

• QUESTION: How exactly did republican anticlericalism translate into colonial policy against Muslim religious elites? Worth chasing the Harrison analysis cited.