French colonial rule of Algeria from 1830 to 1962 produced France’s present-day Islamophobia

Evidence

In France, Islamophobia is a plague that long preceded the War on Terror. A plague that befell on Muslim women first, as the disproportionate victims, then spread onward. A plague spawned and spread by a … Where French colonialism in African and Arab nations pulled the immigrants concentrated in the banlieues into the belly of France, and the imperial conquest of Algeria that lasted from 1830 to 1962 formed a colonial bridge that Ibtissam’s parents crossed into the Paris streets that saw them as imperial subjects, not citizens, the same way France sees their children and grandchildren. — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 723

Categorization

• XREF: Causal lineage from colonial subjecthood to present-day citizen marginalization echoes the reader’s global-synthesis framing of Islamophobia as inherited technique rather than post-9/11 invention. — connects to: the MOC “The Republic’s Impossible Embrace: How Universalism Turned Algeria from the Future of France into Its Undoing”