French colonial officials defined civilization as multi-pronged material and moral uplift, not just education.

Evidence

We can legitimately hope to witness … the advancement of the native populations to a higher state of civilization. But such a result cannot merely be decreed; it can only be the end product of a series of patient and converging efforts whose goal is the moral and material improvement of the native through the maintenance of peace and security, the opening of communications, medical assistance and hygiene, the diffusion of elementary and professional instruction, the development of agricultural production and, last but not least, the guaranteed enjoyment of individual rights and of the most sacred right of all-that of individual freedom. — Alice L. Conklin, A Mission to Civilize_ The Republican…, 249

Categorization

• DEFINE: Roume’s own definition of the civilizing mission enumerates its components: peace, communications, medicine, schooling, agriculture, and individual freedom.