Free-rider parenting does not evolve when cooperative care reaches equilibrium

Evidence

Free-riders who leave all parental care to their mates will not evolve if the respective amounts of care given by cooperating parents reach an equilibrium when they both care for the young. — Diego Gambetta, Trust - Making and Breaking Cooperative…, 407

Categorization

• XREF: Reinforces the reader’s Hardin integration: cooperative equilibria are maintained by mutual observable contribution, so pure free-riding can’t invade—mirroring how visible constraints sustain order among the blind.