Frankfurt was the only major European city that had never expelled its Jews

Evidence

Their great advantage was that they lived in Frankfurt, the only great urban center from which Jews had never been expelled and where they formed nearly 10 per cent of the city’s population at the beginning of the nineteenth century. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 119

Categorization

• QUESTION: Worth verifying whether other major cities truly expelled Jews wholesale, or whether Frankfurt’s continuity was a matter of degree.