France reenslaved Guadeloupe’s population in 1803 but not Haiti’s

Evidence

The people of the new nation of Haiti avoided the tragic fate of those on another French island, Guadeloupe, where most of the population was reenslaved in 1803. — Dubois, Laurent, Avengers of the New World_ The Story of…, 27

Categorization

• QUESTION: What made Guadeloupe’s reenslavement succeed while Haiti escaped the same fate?