France foreclosed repatriates’ return option to compel permanent integration.

Evidence

In contrast to the West German case, in September 1962 the French government abandoned the return option for the repatriates. After the Algerian policy of nationalization of French goods, and facing the budget devoted to the integration of the returnees, the government made no further mention of any possibility to return. Being repatriated now meant to have a future in France. — Manuel Borutta and Jan C. Jansen, Vertriebene and Pieds-Noirs in Postwar…, 478

Categorization

• XREF: Directly relevant to the reader’s BHE research: unlike France (return foreclosed), West Germany’s expellee policy kept a return-revision option alive, which shaped grievance persistence and BHE’s rise.