Four Senegalese communes held French citizenship rights from 1833

Evidence

The schools of the Four Communes of Senegal, which included the cities of Goree, Saint-Louis, Dakar, and Rufisque, were the exception to the poor educational record achieved in West Africa before I903, for a number of historical and political reasons. Unlike the territories comprising the rest of the federation, Saint-Louis and Goree had been French since the seventeenth century. Moreover, throughout the nineteenth century they had been ruled according to assimilationist precepts. 10 As early as I 8 3 3, the local inhabitants were granted the rights of French citizens. These rights were suspended under the Second Empire but were restored by the new re- publican regime in 1871. — Alice L. Conklin, A Mission to Civilize_ The Republican…, 261

Categorization

• QUESTION: The passage cuts off on citizenship restoration — how did the restored rights interact with Roume’s adaptation doctrine?