Foucault replaces ideology with discourse because social statements are never simply true or false.

Evidence

A discourse is similar to what sociologists call an “ideology”: a set of statements or beliefs which produce knowledge that serves the interests of a particular group or class. Why, then, use “discourse” rather than “ideology”? … One reason which Foucault gives is that ideology is based on a distinction between true statements about the world (science) and false statements (ideology), and the belief that the facts about the world help us to decide between true and false statements. But Foucault argues that statements about the social, political, or moral world are rarely ever simply true or false, and “the facts” do not enable us to decide definitively about their truth or falsehood, partly because “facts” can be construed in different ways. The very language we use to describe the so-called facts interferes in this process of finally deciding what is true, and what false. — Stuart Hall, Essential Essays, Volume 2, 576

Categorization

• XREF: Directly feeds the Islamophobia readings that build on Hall’s discourse/ideology distinction; also connects to Gramscian hegemony readings in the field’s foundational vocabulary.