Forcing the heroin trade to include outsiders corroded mafia coordination.

Evidence

The requirements of this trade meant that it was necessary to have recourse to nonmafiosi, and this was not the least cause of the confusion which ensued … Still, while it was impractical to dispense with outsiders altogether, making them all insiders was not possible either. — Diego Gambetta, The Sicilian Mafia The Business of…, 647

Categorization

• XREF: Mirrors Schelling on mixed membership/commitment problems and the mafia’s boundary-maintenance tension.