Forced conversion demands structurally pushed Jewish intellectuals into state opposition.

Evidence

The conversions which, in the early nineteenth century, had been prompted by fear of being lumped together with the Jewish masses, now became a necessity for daily bread. Such a premium on lack of character forced a whole generation of Jews into bitter opposition against state and society. The “new specimens of humanity,” if they were worth their salt, all became rebels, and since the most reactionary governments of the period were supported and financed by Jewish bankers, their rebellion was especially violent against the official representatives of their own people. The anti-Jewish denunciations of Marx and Boerne cannot be properly understood except in the light of this conflict between rich Jews and Jewish intellectuals. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 215

Categorization

• XREF: The structural rift between propertied collaborators and declassed intellectuals parallels the mediating/assimilated elite vs. masses dynamic the Islamophobia readings apply to postcolonial contexts. — connects to: Anti-Jewish laws forced Husserl’s Crisis to publish abroad. — Sarah Bakewell, At the Existentialist Café: Freedom,…, 323