Federalism gives the United States two parallel full court systems, making it uniquely complex

Evidence

In choosing federalism, the United States embraced complexity in its governmental structures in general and in its courts in particular. The structure of courts in the United States, however, is complex even in comparison with judicial structures in other federal systems. Both the federal government and each state government operate a full set of trial and appellate courts. Not surprisingly, perhaps, the division of responsibility between national and state courts has remained contentious throughout the nation’s history. — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 454

Categorization

• DEFINE: Explains what federalism means structurally for courts — dual full hierarchies.
• recurring: this claim recurs 2 times within its source
• XREF: connects to: State courts evolved by piecemeal court creation into complex systems now being consolidated — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 458; The United States has fifty-one separate constitutions; The civil caseload mix differs because federal and state law regulate different activities. — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 2253 (+2 more)