FBI surveillance of Muslim Americans falls disproportionately on men.

Evidence

I should note that Maham’s experience with the FBI was unusual. Men were more likely to be visited by the FBI than women; several of my participants told me of times their fathers were surveilled by the FBI. Tariq, a young Palestinian American doctor, said his father was visited before and after 9/11, as was the father of Maryam, a Syrian American woman. Neither Tariq nor Maryam knew if these visits were inspired by private citizen surveillance or if it was because the FBI had been surveilling their fathers for their political views: Tariq suspected his dad was under surveillance because he had been vocal about his pro-Palestinian views, and Maryam thought hers was visited because of his political views on the Middle East. I also had several Muslim men tell me they knew other Muslim men who were interrogated by the FBI. — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 342

Categorization

• XREF: Directly answers the reader’s guiding question about how surveillance lands differently on men vs. women — FBI visits skew men, while women’s exposure runs through hijab.