Explosive artillery ended the era of fortified structures above ground.
Evidence
Exploding artillery spelled the end for even these forts. From WWII onward the safest place to hide has been in dispersed bunkers deep belowground, like Cheyenne Mountain, headquarters of NORAD during the Cold War. — Emlen, Douglas J, Animal Weapons_ The Evolution of Battle, 974
Categorization
- XREF: connects to: Round towers replaced square ones because corners were vulnerable to artillery; Cannons ended the castle arms race, making thousands obsolete — Emlen, Douglas J, Animal Weapons_ The Evolution of Battle, 519; Trebuchets made square castle towers disappear in favor of round ones — Emlen, Douglas J, Animal Weapons_ The Evolution of Battle, 516 (+3 more)
Related
- Fortification style evolved in direct response to artillery effectiveness (similarity 0.86)
- Exploding artillery drove fortifications entirely underground by WWII (similarity 0.86)
- Artillery ended the castle arms race and forced the rise of star forts (similarity 0.85)
- Round towers replaced square ones because corners were vulnerable to artillery (similarity 0.84)
- Trebuchets made square castle towers disappear in favor of round ones (similarity 0.83)
- Bombers evolved like castles, adding all-around defenses against attackers (similarity 0.83)
- Siege artillery evolved to exploit the fragility of fortress wall corners (similarity 0.82)
- Cannons ended the castle arms race, making thousands obsolete (similarity 0.81)
- Cannons collapsed castle defenses and drove a new star-fort architecture (similarity 0.80)
- Pushing siege weapons to longer range only drove artillery growth (similarity 0.78)
Broader Connections
- Fortification style evolved in direct response to artillery effectiveness
#corroborates(0.85) — Emlen, Douglas J, Animal Weapons_ The Evolution of Battle, 972