Expellees actively self-organized rather than passively receiving state-directed integration.

Evidence

Expellees and repatriates were not mere passive objects of legislation and state-run integration programs. From their arrival in their new homeland, they began to network among themselves, set up organizations, defend their interests, and express their ideas. … Both chapters demonstrate that associational life among expellees and repatriates was marked by deep tensions between the quest for unity and internal divisions. Thus, despite the fact that their outward appearance was dominated by some well-known pressure groups, their associations reflected the heterogeneity of the two groups. — Manuel Borutta and Jan C. Jansen, Vertriebene and Pieds-Noirs in Postwar…, 79