Everyday racism reduces to three interlocking strands of marginalization, problematization, and repression

Evidence

In my study, Understanding Everyday Racism (Essed, 1991), I found that expressions of racism in one particular situation are related to all other racist practices and can be reduced to three strands of everyday racism, interlocking as a triangle of mutually dependent processes: the marginalization of those identified as racially or ethnically different; the problematization of other cultures and identities; and symbolic or physical repression of (potential) resistance through humiliation or violence. Across and between everyday situations, from workplace to restaurant, from classroom to shopping, from house hunting to public transportation, and from watching television to staying in a hotel, racism operates through the characteristics of the specific situation and through the situational resources by means of which power can be expressed. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1481

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines everyday racism as a triangular structure of three mutually dependent processes rather than isolated acts.
• XREF: connects to: Racism reproduces through three intertwined everyday micro-processes — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1481; Denying that racism occurs functions as a key mechanism of everyday racial repression — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1482