Even Western feminist solidarity movements reproduced Orientalist hierarchies toward Muslim women

Evidence

Charlotte Weber has offered a detailed analysis of “feminist Orientalism” in the activities of the International Alliance of Women in the first half of the twentieth century and contends that European women in the alliance never regarded their “Middle Eastern sisters” as equal and thus demonstrated the intellectual and political power of Orientalism. — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 506

Categorization

• XREF: Mirrors the reader’s prior material on how moral panics over ‘immodest’ dress can serve class/identity positioning; feminism itself can carry the imperial gaze. — connects to: Imperial feminism frames saving Muslim women as the West’s civilizing mission — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 294; Imperial feminism framed Muslim women as needing rescue by a liberal West