Even patriotic Muslims cannot escape security profiling once cultural explanation governs.

Evidence

Where the explanation for violence lies in culture, political details are irrelevant. Hassan Almrei’s ‘jihad’ cannot differ from Bin Laden’s if the phenomenon being described is very simply the bad Muslim who possesses a deep rage and hatred towards the West. In the same vein, we need not consider Islamic extremism as anything but an unchanging essence likely to erupt at any moment into violence. … For example, those Muslims who are able to demonstrate their patriotism, and who are careful not to engage in criticism of the state, can escape unscathed. As I show throughout, however, this is not the case. The exits are increasingly closed off for those who are Muslim. If the state is able to preserve an appearance of tolerance at all, it is only able to do so because the collective punishment of all Muslims is understood as reasonable, a necessary move to preserve Western civilization. — Sherene Razack, Casting Out, 125