Even an integrationist officer like Gardes chose revolt against self-determination

Evidence

Regarding himself an expert on Muslim affairs, he had a mystical attachment to the ideal of integration; he desired the Muslims to have genuine equality with the pieds noirs. Immediately on hearing de Gaulle’s pronouncement of 16 September, Gardes made up his own mind to fight “self-determination” by every means—including open revolt. — Horne, Alistair, A Savage War of Peace- Algeria 1954-1962, 1080

Categorization

• XREF: Shows the paradox central to the book: officers who genuinely wanted Muslim equality still took the ultra side.