European racism shifted from labor exploitation to exclusion and segregation

Evidence

In this new setting, racism is structured in opposition to immigrants and their descendants, who are in any event a new category of the population. Till then, racism was linked to the exploitation of labor; it was part of and reinforced the disparagement of those who did the worst and least paid jobs, because of their origin or their appearance. Henceforth it was to contribute primarily to processes of exclusion and discrimination in relation to employment or in urban space. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 3153

Categorization

• DEEPTHINKING: A precise periodization of racism’s function — from rationalizing cheap labor to policing belonging — that reframes racism as a regime responding to economic structure, not a constant prejudice.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 3153