European creditors leveraged Egyptian debt to depose and replace the khedive

Evidence

Ismaïl struggled with this commission, known as the Caisse de la Dette Publique, or Dual Control, for three years, and used the unpopularity of the European commissioners to garner support for a pro-Ismaïl Nationalist Party. The governments of Britain and France, encouraged by Germany and Austria, finally forced the Ottoman sultan to depose Ismaïl in 1879. They installed Ismaïl’s son, Tawfïq, as the new khedive. — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 298

Categorization

• XREF: Direct comparison with the imposed rulers sequence in other colonial settings; echoes Frederick Cooper’s idea of empires engineering compliant native authority structures.