European conspiratorial anti-Jewish superstition was preceded by earlier secret-society panics.

Evidence

A study of European superstition would probably show that Jews became objects of this typically nineteenth-century brand of superstition fairly late. They were preceded by the Rosicrucians, Templars, Jesuits, and Freemasons. The treatment of nineteenth-century history suffers greatly from the lack of such a study. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 2149

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the genealogy of antisemitic conspiracy mythology that Arendt traces — the Protocols and the transfer of secret-society fantasy onto Jews — and to the field’s understanding of how the Jew-as-conspirator trope was assembled from earlier scapegoats. — connects to: The international-Jew conspiracy framework predated the Protocols by decades — John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of…, 1697
• QUESTION: What exactly is the transmission chain from Rosicrucian/Templar/Jesuit/Freemason conspiracism to the antisemitic Protocols? This is worth chasing in later readings.