Ethnically homogeneous regions still lack political solidarity absent civil-rights precedent.

Evidence

[For] blacks in the United States… there have been notable instances of solidarity based on a struggle for civil rights and on an attempt to redefine the value and meaning of blackness - “black is beautiful” - both movements that are only nascent in Colombia and have received little support from blacks there. Even in a region such as the Choco, which is virtually entirely black, political, as opposed to kin-based, solidarity is a distant goal, whether this be in order to protest about the Choco as a region or about the position of blacks in Colombia in general… [T]here is no overall solidarity of the Chocoanos which might raise a collective voice in protest about racial discrimination, the situation of the Choco, or the negative stereotypes and images surrounding black culture. (Wade, 1993:326) In the epilogue we learn that Wade has returned to Colombia since the completion of his book. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 3645

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to sociological work on collective action and the prerequisites for solidarity movements; also parallels the reader’s interest in reputation/institution theories of when groups coordinate and when they don’t. — connects to: Local resistance experiments are insufficient without a wider vision of solidarity. — Nick Couldry & Ulises A. Mejias, The Costs of Connection: How Data Is…, 594