Environmental activists in the developing world have been murdered by agents of appropriation

Evidence

“Among the recent cases of environmental injustice and human rights violations in the Third World are: the murder of Wilson Pinheiro and Francisco ‘Chico’ Mendes in the Amazon rain forest, the massacre of Father Nery Lito Satur and several others in the Philippines, and the public hanging of Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight other members of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) in November 1995 in Nigeria. The subsequent detention, torture, and repression of other members of MOSOP are among the most compelling cases of environmental and civil rights transgression in developing nations monitored by Human Rights Watch, Natural Resources Defense Council, Amnesty International, and other Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). There have been several other cases of government agents especially in the Third World, adopting a policy of systematic genocide against members of minority groups in order to appropriate their lands and natural resources.” — Wael Hallaq, Restating Orientalism, 871 (#expands, via linked claim)

Starting on New Year’s Eve, the final day of 1985, the deaths of two local activists at the hands of security officers resulted in community mourning; public vigils; politicized funerals; attacks on shops, stores, and houses; burning of policemen, witches, and accused informers; and battles between marchers and police. … On February 1, a security guard killed seventeen-year-old Michael Diradeng outside a Jazz Stores supermarket. Youth groups organized a mass funeral and vigil for the fifteenth, but police were on hand to break up the vigil with tear gas. — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 603 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: States have murdered environmental activists to seize minority lands and resources — Wael Hallaq, Restating Orientalism: A Critique of…, 871; Environmental-justice leaders faced vandalism, death threats, and retaliatory lawsuits — Luke W. Cole and Sheila R. Foster, From the Ground Up: Environmental…, 276; Environmental destruction, colonialism, and genocide are organically entwined phenomena — Wael Hallaq, Restating Orientalism: A Critique of…, 193 (+2 more)

Broader Connections

• States have murdered environmental activists to seize minority lands and resources #expands (0.95) — Wael Hallaq, Restating Orientalism, 871
• Security-force killings of activists triggered escalatory cycles of mourning and reprisal #complicates (0.74) — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 603