English racial ideology excluded Indians from humanity in ways Europeans were not.

Evidence

Edmund Morgan, op. cit., p. 90. A little later, Morgan would put these attitudes in more political and racial terms: “The standard justification of slavery in the seventeenth century was that captives taken in war had forfeited their lives and might be enslaved. Yet Englishmen did not think of enslaving prisoners in European wars… . There was something different about the Indians. Whatever the particular nation or tribe or group they belonged to, they were not civil, not Christian; perhaps not quite human in the way that white Christian Europeans were. It was no good trying to give them a stake in society—they stood outside society.” — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 1716

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the reader’s interest in how racial categorization preceded and licensed colonial slavery, linking to the earlier Franklin passage in this same Notes chapter.