English national identity partly formed against an imagined Catholic fifth column

Evidence

In England, particularly, hatred of Catholicism entered into an emerging national consciousness. ‘The English in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were struggling more or less continuously against rival Catholic powers or their own pro-Catholic monarchs. The Roman pontiff loomed in English eyes as the great foreign tyrant, menacing the nation and its constitution; his followers had the aspect of a fifth column. — John Higham, Strangers in the Land, 33

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Catholics were cast as a fifth column in English national consciousness. — John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of…, 33; Religious identity racialized Irish Catholics as a separate inferior race

Broader Connections

• Catholics were cast as a fifth column in English national consciousness. #corroborates (0.95) — John Higham, Strangers in the Land, 33
• Religious identity racialized Irish Catholics as a separate inferior race #complicates (0.75)