England answered the 1798 Irish Rebellion with direct colonial rule

Evidence

As far as the English ruling classes might have been concerned, the nineteenth century was inaugurated by the Irish Rebellion of 1798.39 Having already survived the American and French Revolutions, the “immovable object,” Ireland and what the English termed “the Irish Question,” became “the biggest issue in late-Victorian politics, as perhaps it had been for most of the century.” In any case, their response to what they perceived as a particularly pernicious manifestation of Jacobin conspiracy and French interference was to dissolve what had passed for an Irish parliament and to declare in 1800 an Act of Union between Ireland and the United Kingdom. In effect, the English state was setting aside the ineffective structures and instrument of indirect rule for those of a more direct and familiar domination. — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 242

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Britain shifted Ireland from racial toward national oppression after 1801. — Noel Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White, 136