Eisenhower located racism in individual conscience, not systemic structure

Evidence

Racial discrimination was not a societal problem, but a failure of individual feelings, Eisenhower lectured. The solution lay not in force, but in “persuasion, honestly pressed,” and “conscience, justly aroused,” Eisenhower added. — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 924

Categorization

• XREF: A concrete case for the reader’s test: does the ‘ignorance→hate→discrimination’ model (which Kendi inverts) live here in Eisenhower’s conscience-and-persuasion framing? Useful input to the reader’s planned rigor test.