Egyptian nationalists actively used European race discourse to frame views on Sudan

Evidence

However, it is just as anachronistic to deny race consciousness in cultures confronting British or French or German imperialism in the late nineteenth century, when political, cultural, and sci- entific definitions of the word race were being coined. … The appellations and categories of race imposed by the empire were either accepted, denied, translated, or redirected, but they were always provocative. In late-nineteenth-century Egypt, writers and nationalists were acutely aware of the discourse on race being conducted in western Europe, and they used it to frame their various perspectives about the Sudan and its people. … There were many nuances to certain terms: abïd (slave), barbarï (Berber or barbarian), nübï (Nubian), arabï (Arab), and südänï, to name a few that bore particular significance in the hierarchy of political and economic relations from one end of the Nile Valley to the other. — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 98

In late-nineteenth-century Egypt, writers and nationalists were acutely aware of the discourse on race being conducted in western Europe, and they used it to frame their various perspectives about the Sudan and its people. This should not be interpreted to mean that they were themselves racists, or even that they held the power to discriminate racially, but analysts of race and nationalism should take care not to assume that nationalists in Egypt were deaf and blind to the very charged issue of race in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 99

Categorization

• DEFINE: Lists the specific Arabic racial terms and their translations that structured Nile Valley hierarchies.
• XREF: Connects directly to the reader’s aim of comparing Egyptian vs Sudanese coloniality and to broader literature on race in anticolonial nationalism. — connects to: Egyptian nationalists held a Janus-faced worldview of being colonized yet colonizing.; Egyptian nationalism was defined against the Sudanese as racial other; Egyptian anti-British nationalism preserved the internal racial hierarchy over Sudanese (+17 more)
• ADDENDUM: Relates to ‘Complaints About Immodesty’ in how racial/identity categories get politicized through empire.
• QUESTION: Did Egyptian nationalist racial framing of Sudan differ in kind from British framing, or just in degree of power to discriminate?
• corroborated: 4 independent passages support this claim — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 98; Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 99

Broader Connections

• Early Egyptian nationalism fused Sudanese racial denigration with Nile Valley unity #expands (0.75)
• Egyptian nationalists deployed racial stereotypes about Sudanese domestics #exemplifies (0.70)
• Egyptian nationalism imported from France became racialized against the Sudanese #expands (0.70) — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 135
• Egyptian nationalism reproduced colonial racial hierarchy toward the Sudan internally #expands (0.70)
• Egyptian nationalism hardened into racial contempt for the Sudan #expands (0.65) — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 135
• Egyptian nationalists, however anti-colonial, retained racial prejudice against Sudanese #corroborates (0.60)
• Egyptian anti-imperial nationalists embraced the civilizing mission against Sudan #corroborates (0.55)
• Egyptian nationalism developed within a triangular structure involving Britain and the Sudan #expands (0.50)