Egyptian nationalist ideology rested on a unique claim to mastery over Sudan.

Evidence

This dualistic nationalism did not begin in 1894 with the slavery trial, nor did it reach its culmination with the untimely death of Kämil in 1908. It was not a static movement but one that changed with people and events in Egyptian history. The outlook of the colonized colonizer began to take shape in the last decade of Muhammad `Alï’s reign and emerged full-blown by the 1870s. Nationalists developed these themes throughout the rest of the nineteenth century but especially from 1898 to 1899, the period of the British reconquest of the Sudan. By 1919 there was a well-established slogan that called for “the unity of the Nile Valley.” Although there were important exceptions—nationalist writers or leaders who disliked the idea of colonizing the Sudan or who feared colonization’s implications of racial discrimination—most of the nationalists examined in this study agreed that what made the Egyptian struggle for independence irrepressible was Egypt’s unique claim to mastery over the Sudan. — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 62

Categorization

• XREF: The 1919 ‘unity of the Nile Valley’ slogan parallels how extractive-colonial ideologies later shaped postcolonial state formation in the Nile basin.