Egyptian military discipline shifted from spectacle to bureaucratic surveillance, not humanitarianism

Evidence

The contrast between the brutality and, arguably, the excessive use of force that the act of the officer in the first case exhibited, on the one hand, and the more impersonal, distant and subtle means of control that the officer in the second case suggested, on the other, should not be read as a movement towards a more humane, “enlightened” application of the law. Rather, it suggests that the idea of the law itself had changed and with it a new conception of discipline and how to enforce it was brought into play. — Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha_s Men_ Mehmed Ali, his…, 668

Categorization

• XREF: The tezkere (stamped certificate system) echoes Foucault’s disciplinary power and parallels the surveillance logic the reader has seen in other institutional histories.