Egyptian captives shared religion and language with Sudanese yet suffered status inversion keenly

Evidence

No matter how much he scorned and ridiculed the Sudanese, he included, in his text, moments in which the Sudanese deeply insulted him too. There were strong connections between Ibrahïm Fawzï and the Sudanese: Arabic was the native tongue and Islam the religion of both. His Sudanese contemporaries in Omdurman were as aware as he was of the traditional hierarchy of status long played out in the relationship between Egyptians and Sudanese. When the khalifa relegated him to the status of a servant, even a slave, it deeply bruised Fawzï’s acute sensitivity to rank and self-esteem. — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 618

Categorization

• XREF: Relates directly to the reader’s goal: Egypt’s own ambivalent colonial relationship with Sudan, where Egyptians were both colonizers and captives.