Egypt practiced imperialism in a temporal limbo between Ottoman and European models.

Evidence

Too often scholars of nationalism and imperialism collapse the historical complexities into overly simplistic theoretical binary relationships such as colonizer/colonized. This particular moment in 1840 shows Egypt standing at empire’s edge, where meanings of empire were no longer being formed in the Ottoman model, but along a new European pattern. In the Egyptian case, the word imperialism fits this temporal limbo; this imperialism was embarked upon in the name of a future state. — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 213

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines a distinctive form of ‘imperialism’ — undertaken by a colonized power on behalf of a future state.
• QUESTION: How does the colonizer/colonized binary fail for states like Egypt that were both colonized and colonizers?