Egypt functioned simultaneously as colonized and colonizer of Sudan

Evidence

A further irony in the situation was the way Fawzï justified his right to high rank through his actions as a colonizing officer of the Egyptian army. If anything clearly emerges from these parallels it is that the idea of colonialism was much more fluid, much less dependent on the European model. After all, Egyptians in 1882 were negotiators familiar with the Ottoman Empire and fearful of the threat of European colonization, and yet also eager to see themselves as a nation in a synonymous position of power. — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 527

Categorization

• DEEPTHINKING: The fluidity claim — colonized Egyptians performing colonizer roles toward Sudan — resists one-sentence summary and reframes how to think about colonial agency.
• SEED: Essay angle: the doubly-colonized colonizer — how Egyptian officers’ Sudanese service complicates binary colonizer/colonized frameworks.
• XREF: Speaks directly to broader ‘sub-imperialism’ literature and to reading goal of different shades of African coloniality. — connects to: Egypt faced triangular colonialism from Ottoman, British, and Sudanese forces; Egypt’s own colonizing of Sudan shaped its sense of nationhood; Sudan’s conquest made slave trading an organized state function for Egypt (+41 more)
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 527

Broader Connections

• Egypt was simultaneously a British colony and a colonizer of Sudan. #corroborates (0.95) — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 121
• Egyptian nationalism combined British colonization with eagerness to recolonize the Sudan #corroborates (0.90)
• Egypt conquered Sudan before Egypt itself existed as a nation-state, as Ottoman province #qualifies (0.75)
• Egyptian nationalists reclaimed Sudan as Egypt’s colonial right by conquest. #expands (0.70)
• Egyptian rule over Sudan constituted a mini-empire within the Ottoman framework #expands (0.65)
• Egyptian nationalism reproduced colonial racial hierarchy toward the Sudan internally #expands (0.60)