Economic subordination shaped a distinct Southern Italian socialist tradition.

Evidence

But its impact on agricultural Italy was, with the exception of the cereal-producers in the Centre and North, calamitous: the peasants were no longer able to export their produce, and at the same time were forced to buy the products of Italian industry rather than the far cheaper goods made in the more advanced industrial countries. This was the main basis of what became the “Southern Question”. One of its consequences was that the socialism which spread in the South and the islands was not that of the P.S.I. (Socialist Party of Italy) or the trade unions, but a kind of melange of socialist and liberal theories which can be traced back to the ideas and activity of Carlo Pisacane during the Risorgimento, and which was propagated most notably by Gaetano Salvemini in the period preceding the First World War. This “Southernism” was almost certainly Gramsci’s political position, broadly speaking, at the time of his arrival in Turin in 1911. — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 41

Categorization

• XREF: Shows how uneven economic development produces non-standard political formations — an early instance of the patterns later Islamophobia literature treats as colonized peoples producing ‘inauthentic’ hybrid politics. — connects to: Regional intellectual types mediate different class relations in North and South Italy.; Northern and Southern Italian intellectual strata have structurally distinct forms — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 511; Southern Italian ideology was shaped by land hunger, emigration suffering, and settler colonialism.
• yield-rescued: below the book’s yield-target cutoff, included anyway for connecting to: Regional intellectual types mediate different class relations in North and South Italy.; Northern and Southern Italian intellectual strata have structurally distinct forms — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 511; Southern Italian ideology was shaped by land hunger, emigration suffering, and settler colonialism.