Economic specialization precludes the kinship ties that enable collective self-defense

Evidence

The city is comprised of specialists. A specialist has no cousins; or rather, he does not have politically effective cousins. Cousin specialists stick to their lasts and do not easily combine in these self-defending, selfadministering rural groups. At most, they occasionally meld into rather ephemeral urban frondes. They need peace to pursue their trade, and they accept oppression as the price of peace. — Diego Gambetta, Trust - Making and Breaking Cooperative…, 1971

Categorization

• DEFINE: “A specialist has no politically effective cousins” crisply defines the causal mechanism: economic specialization atomizes kinship into non-corporate units.