Early industrial cities expanded spatially by annexing surrounding townships

Evidence

The early industrial city was growing not only in population; it was growing in area as well. London, for example, had begun its outward march, extending itself beyond the walls of the original city, long before the eighteenth century (George, 1965:1-3). But in the period under question, it did so with greater speed and more assurance. And London was typical. Between 1867 and 1873, Boston hungrily gobbled up Roxbury, Dorchester, Brighton, Charlestown, and West Roxbury -thereby, like some science fiction monster, growing larger in a very short time and with very little effort (Lane, 1967). — Lyn H. Lofland, World of Strangers_ Order and Action in…, 326

Categorization

• XREF: Boston annexing five towns in seven years is a concrete anchor for the spatial-expansion mechanic that later enables segregation of functions — connects to the reader’s concern with how city structure shapes stranger interaction. — connects to: White suburban annexation followed the physical expansion of transportation lines — Kevin M. Kruse, White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of…, 192