Each side’s perception of the other’s hostility rested on concrete grievances

Evidence

Evidence existed for all these charges. The United States allowed President Lee of Taiwan to come to the United States, sold 150 F-16s to Taiwan, designated Tibet an “occupied soverign territory,” denounced China for its human rights abuses, denied Beijing the 2000 Olympics, normalized relations with Vietnam, accused China of exporting chemical weapons components to Iran, imposed trade sanctions on China for sales of missile equipment to Pakistan, and threatened China with additional sanctions over economic issues while at the same time barring China’s admission to the World Trade Organization. Each side accused the other of bad faith: China, according to Americans, violated understandings on missile exports, intellectual property rights, and prison labor; the United States, according to the Chinese, violated agreements in letting President Lee come to the United States and selling advanced fighter aircraft to Taiwan. — Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the…, 599

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Partisans across many countries exaggerate outgroup hostility toward their ingroup — Rachel Hartman et al., Interventions to Reduce Partisan…, 75