Each marine noise source occupies a characteristic frequency band at a measurable distance
Evidence
Seismic disturbance can generate sonic waves from 1 to 100 Hz. Turbulence in the oceans caused by water currents largely depends on the speed of the currents; for instance, current that moves at 1 knot generates noise around 106 dB (re 1 μPa). Surface waves generated by blowing wind have a frequency that ranges from 1 to 50 kHz. Precipitation (rain, hail, and snow) generate a spectral peak at 13.5 kHz for a wind speed of 1.5 m/s. Ship traffic generates frequencies from 50 to 500 Hz, and this noise can be heard at a distance of 1,000 miles (1,609 km). — Almo Farina, Soundscape Ecology, 1331
Categorization
- XREF: Concrete frequency-band data plugs directly into the polyad’s acoustic-index/classification framework as reference numbers for marine geophony sources. — connects to: Ocean acidification physically amplifies how far sound travels in seawater — Almo Farina, Soundscape Ecology: Principles,…, 1332; Hearing-specialist fish evolved in quiet waters and suffer heavy masking in noisy ones — Almo Farina, Soundscape Ecology: Principles,…, 1347; Each habitat has a distinctive ambient noise spectral profile — Almo Farina, Soundscape Ecology: Principles,…, 1256 (+2 more)
Broader Connections
- Temperature layers in the ocean duct sound and enable very long range propagation.
#qualifies(0.72) — David M. Howard, Jamie Angus, Acoustics and Psychoacoustics, 339 - Ocean ambient noise levels have risen dramatically over the past sixty years
#complicates(0.70) — George Michelsen Foy, Zero Decibels, 354