Each labor wave faced a distinctive occupational experience tied to the economy’s stage

Evidence

Thus the experience of nineteenth-century native, white craft workers drawn into factory production with the ascendance of entrepreneurial capital cannot be equated with the experience of Northern European immigrants in the first wave of capitalist expansion, when the majority of new jobs were essentially deskilled. Both are distinct from the later wave of Southern and Eastern European immigration associated with a second surge of corporate consolidation in the late nineteenth century when ethnic “underclasses” became stable elements of the urban-class structure. — Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis, Schooling in Capitalist America, 669

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Uneven economic development fragments workers into distinct segmented groups — Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis, Schooling in Capitalist America:…, 671; New labor groups arrive superexploited and branded, then rise as later waves follow — Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis, Schooling in Capitalist America:…, 666