Dominant groups are judged individually while subordinated groups face collective guilt.

Evidence

Double standards lie at the heart of racialization. Members of the dominant racial-religious group are treated and judged by their individual actions, whereas members of subordinated groups are presumed guilty based on the misdeeds of a few individuals who share their religious identities or national origins. For example, Palestinians and Iranians abroad are labeled terrorists, so too are Palestinian Americans and Iranian Americans, unless each can individually prove otherwise. Doing so requires taxing identity performances that appease coercive assimilationism and pressures to secularize. — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 105

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines the core mechanism of racialization via the double-standard heuristic.
• XREF: Connects to social capital literature on in-group vs out-group trust asymmetry (Shapiro’s impersonal trust work). — connects to: Illegitimacy of group inequality is a necessary precondition for collective guilt. — Nyla R. Branscombe and Bertjan Doosje (eds.), Collective Guilt: International…, 572; Collective guilt is contested through ideological debate between privileged and disadvantaged groups. — Nyla R. Branscombe and Bertjan Doosje (eds.), Collective Guilt: International…, 592