Dissenting participants stay in pietist groups to sharpen arguments within Islamic reasoning.

Evidence

When I asked her why she continued to attend the Nafisa daciyat’s lessons, given her dis.. agreements, Maryam said that sessions such as these forced her to acknowl.. edge the danger of not being vigilant enough in her interactions with men in institutional contexts, and sharpened her argumentative skills in pre.. senting a counterposition to women like the N afisa daeiyat-one that re.. mained, nonetheless, within the purview of Islamic reasoning. Maryam said that she considered this to be a part of her contribution to the work of daewa. — Saba Mahmood, Politics of Piety, 726

Categorization

• XREF: Directly resists the liberal-feminist frame that equates disagreement with exiting or opposing; challenges the assumption that critical agency requires standing outside tradition.
• QUESTION: What would Maryam’s critics in secular feminism make of a woman who stays to sharpen the opposing argument as her ‘contribution to daewa’?