Discrimination causes racist ideas which cause ignorance and hate

Evidence

Ignorance/hateracist ideasdiscrimination: this causal relationship is largely ahistorical. It has actually been the inverse relationship—racial discrimination led to racist ideas which led to ignorance and hate. Racial discriminationracist ideasignorance/hate: this is the causal relationship driving America’s history of race relations. — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 25

Categorization

• DEFINE: The precise formalization of the inversion, useful for testing against counterexamples.
• QUESTION: Reader explicitly wants to test this against cases where ideas seem to precede policy — worth hunting for such counterexamples later.
• XREF: connects to: Political ignorance functions as an effect of cultural discouragement, not merely its cause — Nina Eliasoph, “Close to home”: The work of avoiding…, 150; Racist beliefs persist because emotional investments, not logic, sustain them — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1243