Differential citizenship rights create legally stigmatized insiders treated as outsiders.

Evidence

If women’s bodies become the terrain on which Western states manage racial populations, do such measures ultimately create camps of abandoned people without the rights to have rights? Legal measures that limit citizenship rights, for example, the imposition of a higher age of consent for marriage if the intended spouse comes from outside the country (a measure discussed below as one intended to discourage forced marriages between young Muslim girls and men outside Europe), stigmatize certain populations and materially impose a secondary level of citizenship. Such initiatives, when they become part and parcel of an entire corpus of regulations restricting the rights of immigrants, contribute to what Balibar has termed a movement towards European Apartheid. Defending himself from the accusation that the use of a word such as ‘apartheid’ could only be ‘a useless provocation,’ Balibar argues that differential levels of citizenship create ‘insiders officially considered outsiders,’ a designation that paves the way for the kinds of security controls I discuss as part of the ‘war on terror.’ Few object to the suspension of rights for groups that are already stigmatized as outside the nation. — Sherene Razack, Casting Out, 254

Categorization

• DEFINE: Balibar’s ‘European Apartheid’ concept — differential citizenship tiers creating ‘insiders officially considered outsiders’ — is a precisely defined framework worth recalling.
• XREF: Connects to Arendt’s ‘right to have rights’ (the passage opens with that very phrase) and to Arendt’s statelessness discussion in The Origins of Totalitarianism.