Deindustrialization forced major cities to compete as financial and entertainment centers.

Evidence

That they should be so pressed, and that the result should be a serial repetition of successful models (such as Baltimore’s Harbor Place), is understandable, given the grim history of deindustrialization and restructuring that left most major cities in the advanced capitalist world with few options except to compete with each other, mainly as financial, consumption, and entertainment centres. — David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity, 566

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Post-crisis cities compete to host centralized finance and command functions — Alex Callinicos, Against Postmodernism: A Marxist…, 580; Cultural industries became predicated on financial extraction around the late 1990s. — Andrew deWaard, Derivative Media: How Wall Street…, 22

Broader Connections

• Cultural industries became predicated on financial extraction around the late 1990s. #expands (0.75) — Andrew deWaard, Derivative Media, 22