Danat-connected firms’ balance sheets can be benchmarked against non-bank-connected peers.

Evidence

Panel A plots leverage for all joint stock companies not connected to any of the four great banks (black line), firms connected to Danatbank (blue line), and firms connected to other great banks (red line). Panel B plots the distribution of log assets for the wage bill sample of firms (blue line), as well as for all joint stock companies in 1929 (black line). — Sebastian Doerr et al., Financial Crises and Political…, 243

Categorization

  • QUESTION: If Danat-linked firms were systematically smaller or more levered pre-crisis, this could confound the vote-share result with firm-level distress.